Figure 1: Drift and mixing concur to keep a high degree of worldwide homogeneity in the Emperor penguin. | Nature Communications

Figure 1: Drift and mixing concur to keep a high degree of worldwide homogeneity in the Emperor penguin.

From: Full circumpolar migration ensures evolutionary unity in the Emperor penguin

Figure 1: Drift and mixing concur to keep a high degree of worldwide homogeneity in the Emperor penguin.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

All currently known Emperor penguin colonies20,35 are represented by orange dots; sampled colonies by coloured circles. (a) Estimated pairwise migration rates (outer coloured links) and Fst (inner dashed links) between sampled colonies. Migrations as estimated from joint allele-frequency spectra. Colours refer to the receiving populations (DDU, Pointe Géologie near Dumont D'Urville station; HAL, Halley Bay; MZW, Mertz West; MZE, Mertz East; NEU, Neumayer; WSH, Cape Washington). Dashed circle: Antarctic polar circle (S66°33'). (b) Neighbour-net based on pairwise identity-by-state between all sampled individuals. Branch lengths represent pairwise Hamming distances. Colours correspond to colonies on map a.

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